second millennium bc years

The Innovation and Adoption of Iron in the …

Earliest Iron (c. 3300–1200 BC) Before the second millennium BC, iron is reported only in small quantities. Waldbaum (1980, pp. 69–70) identified 14 iron artifacts from Iran, Mesopotamia, and …

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Historical chronology explained

Years: Century: Millennium 1000-901 BC 10th century BC 1st millennium BC 900-801 BC 9th century BC 800-701 BC 8th century BC ... 2nd millennium AD AD 1101-1200 12th century AD AD 1201-1300 13th century AD AD 1301-1400 14th century AD ...

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The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume II: …

Written by a highly diverse, international team of leading scholars, the volumes in this series focus firmly on the political and social histories of the states and …

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Farming and multi-resource subsistence in the third and second …

Over the past years, archaeobotanical studies have clarified much of the process of dispersal and adaptation of crops across Asia. However, the development of farming systems that could function in the high-altitude environments of Tibet requires more in-depth consideration. In this article, we present the results of the systematic archaeobotanical …

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The Eastern Mediterranean and Syria, 2000–1000 B.C.

"The second millennium B.C. can be conveniently divided into two periods. During the Middle Bronze Age, Amorite tribes from Syria settle across the region. Many large sites are fortified employing massive cyclopean stone blocks. Akkadian cuneiform inscribed on clay tablets is widely used. City-states such as Ebla and Aleppo dominate the Syrian plains, …

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List of decades, centuries, and millennia

The list below includes links to articles with further details for each decade, century, and millennium from 15,000 BC to AD 3000. ... 2nd millennium BC · 2000–1001 BC; 20th century BC: 19th century BC: 18th century BC: 1790s BC: 1780s BC: 1770s BC: ... as it contains only nine years. AD 0s is not a true decade, as it contains only nine years.

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Early alphabetic writing in the ancient Near East: …

The origin of alphabetic script lies in second-millennium BC Bronze Age Levantine societies. A chronological gap, however, divides the earliest evidence from the Sinai and Egypt—dated to the nineteenth …

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Art of Second Millennium B.C. Explored in Landmark …

Beginning around four thousand years ago in the lands of western Asia and the eastern Mediterranean, one of the first international ages in human history emerged. Intense exchange fostered a burst of creativity in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia, the Levant, and the Aegean in the second millennium B.C.—the time of the Middle and Late …

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What Caused The Mysterious Bronze Age …

JW: 1177 BC is the date in which Ramses III of Egypt (r. 1186-1155 BC) defeated the Sea Peoples for a second time at the Battle of the Delta. (The Battle of Djahy, which pitted the Egyptians against the …

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Paleo-environmental evolution of the Larnaca Salt Lakes …

In the second millennium BC this lagoon formed the largest sheltered anchorage on the island. The main focus of Late Bronze Age occupation on the shore of the Salt Lakes was at Dromolaxia-Vyzakia (otherwise known as Hala Sultan Tekke). ... Salt Lake, it has been shown that the climate around Dromolaxia-Vyzakia became drier between c. 1200 and ...

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Mycenaean civilization. Achaean Greece in the second millennium BC.

In the first centuries of the second millennium BC, there was a clear slowdown in the pace of socio-economic and cultural development. Despite the appearance of such important technical and economic innovations as a potter's wheel and a cart or a war chariot with horses harnessed to it, the culture of the so-called Middle Helladic period (XX ...

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What Do CE and BCE Mean?

Adding CE or BCE after a year is only necessary if there is room for misunderstanding—for example, in texts where years both before and after year 1 are mentioned. For instance, Pompeii, Italy (see image) was founded around 700–600 BCE and was destroyed when Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE.

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Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the …

Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B.C. brings into focus the cultural enrichment shared by civilizations from western Asia to Egypt and the Aegean more than three thousand …

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Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse

Thus, if we regard the relative occurrence ratio of drier years in the recent Polatlı record as indicative for the broadly similar period of the drier later second millennium bc in central ...

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Mycenaean civilization. Achaean Greece in the …

The creators of the Mycenaean culture were the Achaean Greeks, who invaded the Balkan Peninsula at the turn of the III-II millennium BC, apparently from the north, from the area of the Danube lowland, where …

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The existence of Andronovo cultural influence in Xinjiang …

The existence of Andronovo cultural influence in Xinjiang during the 2nd millennium BC - Volume 73 Issue 281. 22 August 2024: Due to technical disruption, we are experiencing some delays to publication. We are working to restore services and apologise for the inconvenience. ... (Copper and bronze artefacts found in Xinjiang during the …

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Historical chronology explained

How time is ordered in history. The measurement of time is traditionally based around the birth of Jesus Christ. For events that occurred before Jesus' birth, type 'BC' (an abbreviation for 'Before Christ') after the …

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2nd millennium BC

The 2nd millennium BC spanned the years 2000 BC to 1001 BC. In the Ancient Near East, it marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age.The Ancient Near Eastern cultures are well within the historical era: The first half of the millennium is dominated by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and Babylonia.The alphabet …

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Volcanoes, Catastrophe and the Global Crisis of …

Clearly dislocation, hiatus, rupture, cesure – all these terms have been used – occurred in many parts of the Old World in the late Second Millennium BC. In some regions this took the form of a collapse …

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When was Job written?

The 2nd millennium BC corresponds in time frame to what is attested about Hebrew, ... For forty years he kept the sheep of his father-in-law, Jethro, also known as the priest of Midian (land of Midian). Midian was a son of Keturah, whom Abraham married after Sarah's death, so Midian was a descendant of Abraham, just as Job and Moses were.

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The Ancestors of Israel and the Environment of Canaan in …

Canaan in the Second Millennium BC. The beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in Canaan is marked by the establishment of palatial and fortified centers, monumental …

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New Light on the Silent Millennia: Mediterranean Africa, ca. 4000–900 BC

The so-called neolithization process (ca. 6000/5500–4000 BC) in Mediterranean Africa and the Sahara has been increasingly researched in recent years. In contrast, relatively little is known, especially in Mediterranean Africa, of the period between the beginnings of irreversible climatic deterioration in the Sahara, around 4000–3500 …

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Millennium | Turn of the Millennium, Globalization

millennium, a period of 1,000 years.The Gregorian calendar, put forth in 1582 and subsequently adopted by most countries, did not include a year 0 in the transition from bc (years before Christ) to ad (those since his birth). Thus, the 1st millennium is defined as spanning years 1–1000 and the 2nd the years 1001–2000. Although numerous popular …

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The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume II: …

The second volume covers broadly the first half of the second millennium BC or, in archaeological terms, the Middle Bronze Age. Eleven chapters present the history of the Near East from the end of the third millennium BC to the fall of Babylon and discuss the First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom Egypt, the Mesopotamian kingdom of …

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Between the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC: Exploring …

Chapter 1. Introduction: The Turning of Things. Susana Soares Lopes. CEAACP – University of Coimbra susanasoaresrodrigueslopes@gmail.

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The Ancestors of Israel and the Environment of Canaan in …

Thus, this paper presents an archaeological and historical overview of Canaan in the second millennium BC during the period known as the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1950–1550 BC), situating Abraham and his family members in their geographic and cultural contexts and examining the economic interactions between the ancestors of Israel and the land ...

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Amorite | Middle Bronze Age, Mesopotamian, Semitic

During the 2nd millennium bc the Akkadian term Amurru referred not only to an ethnic group but also to a language and to a geographic and political unit in Syria and Palestine. At the beginning of the millennium, a large-scale migration of great tribal federations from Arabia resulted in the occupation of Babylonia proper, the mid-Euphrates ...

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The Synchronization of Civilizations in the Eastern …

Most objects consist of several pieces of wood, each usable piece was measured two or three times. The data already acquired have been synchronized and combined to create floating chronologies. At present they cover 607 years of the 2nd millennium BC and several shorter sequences; another longer chronology for the New Kingdom is under …

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2nd millennium BC

The 2nd millennium BC spanned the years 2000 BC to 1001 BC. In the Ancient Near East, it marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. The …

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Eastern Mediterranean Metallurgy and Metalwork in the Second Millennium …

The last fifteen years, however, have witnessed an unprecedented if rather tumultuous expansion of metallurgical research, and important advances have been made in the chronology and chaîne opératoire of early metal technology and artefacts. ... Pyrgos-Mavroraki, an early 2nd millennium BC proto-industrial settlement, is an excellent case ...

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