تأثير محطم coccolithophores
Coccolithophore Cell Biology: Chalking Up Progress
Coccolithophores occupy a special position within the marine phytoplankton because of their production of intricate calcite scales, or coccoliths. Coccolithophores are major contributors to global ocean calcification and long-term carbon fluxes. The intracellular production of coccoliths requires modifications to cellular ultrastructure and metabolism …
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Coccolithophore biomineralization: New questions, new …
Coccolithophores are single celled marine photosynthetic protists belonging to the Haptophyte division of the chromalveolate eukaryotes. They are significant components of the marine phytoplankton with certain species, such as the cosmopolitan Emiliania huxleyi able to form massive blooms in temperate and sub-polar waters. …
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What is a Coccolithophore? Fact Sheet
At any one time a single coccolithophore is attached to or surrounded by at least 30 scales. Additional coccoliths are dumped into the water when the Coccolithophores multiply asexually, die or simply make too many scales. In areas with trillions of Coccolithophores, the waters will turn an opaque turquoise from the dense …
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Origin and Evolution of Coccolithophores: From Coastal …
This chapter discusses the origin and evolution of coccolithophores and presents an up-to-date summary of coccolithophore evolution, integrating recent …
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Coccolithophores: an environmentally significant and …
Coccolithophores are part of the organic carbon pump as they are phytoplankton and their photosynthesis fixes CO2 from the atmosphere; also, they are a part of the carbonate …
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Cycling carbon with coccolithophores
Coccolithophores have been prolific producers of ocean carbon - ate since the late Triassic about 225 million years ago (Ma), carpeting firstly continental shelf seas and then vast areas of open ...
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Eocene emergence of highly calcifying coccolithophores …
Coccolithophores, a group of unicellular calcifying phytoplankton, have been major contributors to marine carbonate production since the calcite plates that they produce (coccoliths) first ...
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Abstract. Coccolithophores are globally important marine calcifying phytoplankton that utilize a haplo-diplontic life cycle. The haplo-diplontic life cycle allows coccolithophores to divide in both life cycle phases and potentially expands coccolithophore niche volume. Research has, however, to date largely overlooked the …
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Two Production Stages of Coccolithophores in Winter as Revealed …
1 Introduction. Coccolithophores are a kind of marine phytoplankton and play important roles in biogeochemistry cycles. They fix organic carbon via photosynthesis and lower the partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater, making the ocean a carbon sink, and they also precipitate calcite scales named coccoliths via calcification, which potentially lowers …
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Dr. Jeremy R. Young is a Research Associate at UCL (formerly at the Natural History Museum, London) with over 30 years of experience working on nannofossils and extant coccolithophores, with particular emphasis on integrating biological and palaeontological research. He has prime expertise in extant and Neogene coccolithophore taxonomy. He …
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Cycling carbon with coccolithophores | Nature Geoscience
Marine plankton help mediate biogeochemical cycles throughout the Earth system, especially the movement of carbon through the ocean. Coccolithophores, a pervasive group of calcifying organisms in ...
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Coccolithophore calcification: Changing paradigms in …
Coccolithophores produce intricate calcite scales (coccoliths) internally that they secrete onto their external surface. This review presents some recent key findings …
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Coccolithophores | Palaeontology and life history
Coccolithophores are one of the primary algal groups in the oceans. They are the focus of research in many disciplines due to their importance in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and stratigraphy. The book starts with a history of coccolithophore studies followed by chapters discussing coccolithophore biology, and the composition, function ...
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2.10: Coccolithophores, photosynthetic …
Coccolithophores are closely related to a group of organisms (Haptophytes) that lack the plates. These two groups, together with some other organisms, have been classified a number of different …
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A global compilation of coccolithophore …
Abstract. The biological production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a process termed calcification, is a key term in the marine carbon cycle. A major planktonic group responsible for such pelagic CaCO3 …
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Coccolithophores and the biological pump: responses to
Coccolithophores, which are considered to be the most productive calcifying organisms on earth, play an important role in the marine carbon cycle. The formation of calcite skeletons in the surface layer and their subsequent sinking to depth modifies upper-ocean...
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Coccolithophore growth and calcification in a changing ocean
An explicit PFT describing coccolithophores will allow more realistic estimates of coccolithophore growth and calcification by simulating competition for …
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Coccolithophores | UCL Earth Sciences
A number of species have very broad ecological tolerances but only one freshwater coccolithophore has been well documented. Coccolithophores show distinct biogeographic distribution patterns, defining broad, …
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Coccolithophore Abundance, Degree of Calcification, and …
1 Introduction. Coccolithophores are a group of marine calcifying algae which produce calcite scales, namely, coccoliths. The production of coccoliths reduces sea surface ocean alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon and elevates seawater pCO 2.It is acknowledged that coccolith-based calcite contributes to nearly half of calcium …
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Re-evaluation of the physiological ecology of coccolithophores …
As predicted by Margalef, coccolithophores should be most abundant in conditions of moderate turbulence and nutrient concentrations. However, blooms of coccolithophores (and other algal groups, too) show day length preferences, suggesting that the Margalef Mandala might be expanded to include day length as a third dimension.
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COCCOLITH FUNCTION AND MORPHOGENESIS: INSIGHTS …
The morphology of three remarkable genera of coccolithophores, Ophiaster, Michaelsarsia, and Calciopappus, is reviewed based on new images using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Each of these genera characteristically forms coccospheres with long appendages formed of highly modified coccoliths, which radiate …
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Coccolithophore calcification: Changing paradigms in changing …
Coccolithophores show large variations in coccolith morphology and complexity (Fig. 1) and many contemporary studies have focused on their responses to changing ocean conditions, particularly the changes in carbonate chemistry associated with ocean acidification [e.g. 5].From a cellular perspective, key questions in coccolithophore …
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On the Genesis and Function of Coccolithophore Calcification
Coccolithophores occupy an important role in carbon cycling dynamics over short and geological time scales due to the process of calcification fuelled by …
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Why marine phytoplankton calcify | Science Advances
An estimated 200 species of coccolithophores live in the modern ocean across a wide spectrum of surface ocean environments, ranging from highly productive eutrophic waters in temperate and subpolar regions to the permanently oligotrophic waters of the subtropical gyres.Coccolithophores usually contribute to 1 to 10% of primary production and …
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Coccolithophore growth and calcification in a changing ocean
Coccolithophores are widespread throughout the global ocean, from high latitudes to the tropics (from ∼ 70 ° N to ∼ 60 ° S), with subgroups specialized for growth in nearly every oceanic environment (Fig. 2 a). Mean annual surface PIC concentrations underlying coccolithophore subgroup biogeography Fig. 2 a in combination with …
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On the Genesis and Function of Coccolithophore Calcification
The functional group of coccolithophores consists of calcifying eukaryotic unicellular phytoplankton that produces minuscule CaCO 3 structures, named coccoliths, surrounding the cell, and forming a coccosphere. Coccolithophores occupy an important role in carbon cycling dynamics over short and geological time scales due to the process …
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Frontiers | An Extracellular Polysaccharide-Rich Organic Layer
Coccolithophores are globally abundant marine microalgae characterized by their ability to form calcite platelets (coccoliths). The coccoliths are produced internally in a Golgi-derived vesicle. Mature coccoliths are extruded from the cell to form a protective covering on the cell surface, known as the coccosphere. Current evidence indicates that calcite precipitation …
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Phenological characteristics of global coccolithophore …
The relative timings of the chlorophyll and PIC concentration peaks are used to assess whether blooms of coccolithophores and other noncalcifying phytoplankton co-occur, and thus exhibit some degree of coexistence between taxa as suggested by Barber and Hiscock, or whether coccolithophores peak at different times to other …
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What is a Coccolithophore? Fact Sheet
At any one time a single coccolithophore is attached to or surrounded by at least 30 scales. Additional coccoliths are dumped into the water when the Coccolithophores multiply asexually, die or simply make too many scales. In areas with trillions of Coccolithophores, the waters will turn an opaque turquoise from the dense cloud of coccoliths.
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A joint proteomic and genomic investigation provides …
Coccolithophores are globally abundant, calcifying microalgae that have profound effects on marine biogeochemical cycles, the climate, and life in the oceans.
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